Dr. Adhiti K

Purpose The study aims to identify mortality predictors in patients with leptospirosis using statistical and score-based model approaches. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India, involving hospitalized leptospirosis patients. Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded, and a practical score-based model was developed by calculating risk scores for each attribute. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of mortality. Survival analysis was also conducted to illustrate the interaction among disease parameters affecting survival probabilities. Results Out of 164 patients, the majority were under 45 years old, with a survival rate of 84.8%. Univariate logistic regression indicated that patients over 45 years old, and those with thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, were significant predictors of reduced survival. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, and both total and direct bilirubin were the most significant independent predictors of mortality. Gender, duration of hospital stays, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), and Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) levels were not associated with mortality. The model, developed using Logistic Regression (LR) and Ridge Classifier (RC), showed higher scores for thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, leukocytosis, and direct bilirubin features, achieving accuracy rates of 89% and 92% respectively. Conclusion The study suggests that thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, leukocytosis, and bilirubin levels are crucial prognostic factors for mortality in leptospirosis patients. The developed model offers an accurate method for early identification of these predictors, enhancing disease prognostics.

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a neglected tick-borne viral infection caused by Bandavirus dabieense (formerly known as Huaiyangshan banyangvirus and Dabie bandavirus), with the potential for endemic and pandemic transmission through ticks to humans, animals to humans, and human-to-human routes. Low platelet counts in patients (< 150,000 platelets/mm3) lead to severe complications, with a global case fatality ratio of 20–30%. This review aims to summarize Bandavirus dabieense, focusing on its epidemiology, global prevalence, and the impact of geographical and demographic factors on transmission. We conducted a systematic review and bibliometric analysis using the PRISMA framework and Scopus database. The study explores transmission routes of Bandavirus dabieense, diagnostic methods, treatments, and challenges, with an emphasis on machine learning (ML) for diagnosis and awareness initiatives. The results reveal global Bandavirus dabieense prevalence, transmission modes, diagnostic advancements, vector controls, and early detection hurdles. Bibliometric analysis identifies knowledge gaps and emphasizes the study’s relevance. The review underscores the importance of understanding and addressing Bandavirus dabieense, advocating for proactive measures such as ML for diagnosis, recommendations for future work, and effective elimination strategies. Heightened awareness and comprehensive research are vital to mitigate the public health impact and reduce mortality associated with Bandavirus dabieense.

Specific miRNAs are evident to be overexpressed with age, lifestyle, and environmental changes. Previous studies reported miR-124 overexpression in different scenarios in aged skin, age-related cognitive impairment, ischemic heart disease, muscle atrophy, and fractures. Thus miR-124 was considered to be a reliable miRNA target to establish a hypothesis on aging epigenome. Parallelly the hypothesis focuses on the expression of SIRT1 and VDR genes as a target for this specific miRNA expression as these genes were believed to be related to aging. This study aims to derive facts and evidence from past studies on aging. The objective was to establish a hypothetical linkage between miR-124 with age-related genes like SIRT1 and VDR.